Night raids were made on 21/22 August on Aberdeen, Bristol and South Wales. Scattered naval mine-laying sorties began at the outset, and increased gradually over the battle period. Die Luftwaffe verfügte darüber hinaus über eine nennenswerte Zahl von Seenotrettungsflugzeugen, die in der Luftschlacht um England später eine wichtige Rolle spielten. The port areas were crowded next to residential housing and civilian casualties would be expected, but this would combine military and economic targets with indirect effects on morale. For some raids, they were called back, such as on 13 September to attack Tangmere airfield.[104][105][106]. [182] Dowding, to highlight the problem of the Big Wing's performance, submitted a report compiled by Park to the Air Ministry on 15 November. Opponents pointed out the big wings would take too long to form up, and the strategy ran a greater risk of fighters being caught on the ground refuelling. [96] This trend continued with a further eight and fifteen lost on 16 and 17 August. The strategic bombing commenced after the Germans bombed London on 14 September 1940, followed by the RAF bombing of Berlin and of German air force bases in France. The Battle was fought entirely by air with the German Luftwaffe eventually being successfully fought off by Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF). The stage for the battle was set in May 1940, when Nazi Germany launched a... 2. [107] Later in the conflict, when night bombing became more frequent, all three were used. [278], Central to the propaganda war on both sides of the Channel were aircraft claims, which are discussed under 'Attrition statistics' (above). North East England was attacked by 65 Heinkel 111s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt 110s, and RAF Great Driffield was attacked by 50 unescorted Junkers 88s. Es ist nicht vorstellbar, dass entsprechende Zahlen nicht ermittelt wurden, da sonst eine militärische Beschaffungsplanung und Bestandsübersicht schlicht unmöglich gewesen wäre. [57] On the British side, three bomber types were mostly used on night operations against targets such as factories, invasion ports and railway centres; the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, the Handley-Page Hampden and the Vickers Wellington were classified as heavy bombers by the RAF, although the Hampden was a medium bomber comparable to the He 111. [24] Its first Chief of the Air Staff, Hugh Trenchard, was among the military strategists in the 1920s, like Giulio Douhet, who saw air warfare as a new way to overcome the stalemate of trench warfare. [217], More night raids were made around London on 24/25 August, when bombs fell on Croydon, Banstead, Lewisham, Uxbridge, Harrow and Hayes. [129][130], On 16 July Directive No. In Britain, Churchill described "the great invasion scare" as "serving a very useful purpose" by "keeping every man and woman tuned to a high pitch of readiness". [25], Germany was forbidden a military air force by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, and therefore air crew were trained by means of civilian and sport flying. The attrition was beginning to affect the fighters in particular. It was the first battle in history waged almost exclusively in the air. Zugleich hatten sich Bomberangriffe als weniger wirkungsvoll erwiesen als gedacht. ", "The Battle of Britain's enigmatic Czech hero", ""The Finnish Fighter Tactics and Training Before and During the WW II. A must for all WW2 Board Gamers. He then told von Brauchitsch and Halder that he would decide on the landing operation eight to fourteen days after the air attack began. Interception was nearly impossible, with a significant effect on production air Force close screening which! 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